Sources & References

Four rules that keep the bar in place

• Manufacturer research alone never rises above thin evidence

  Whoever pays for, designs and co-writes a study also picks the outcome measure. That says nothing about bad intent, it says independent confirmation is missing.

• Researched and nothing found counts as barely any evidence

  There is research in that case, just no evidence. That tells you more than little studied, so we say it that way.

• The judgement is about the substance, the dose is judged separately

  Beetroot keeps its reasonable rating even when a pre-workout uses an eleventh of the effective amount. You see that low number back at the dosage of that product.

• When in doubt, the lower level

  A judgement that is too strict costs us a sale at most. A judgement that is too mild costs you your money.